Most moviegoers and all purist baseball fans over 30 years old know who, or rather what, Wonderboy is. It is the bat used by Roy Hobbs, aka Robert Redford, in the 1984 sports flick “The Natural.” As the story goes, Hobbs father was killed by lightning that also felled an ash tree from which Hobbs hand carved a bat that he used to become a prolific hitter and baseball hero. Great story and wonderful movie! Maybe I’m the only one interested in both the evolutionary history of the baseball bat and what part it played in the growing up of this “aged kid”. If so then I’ll be satisfied with having a good time writing what follows. If not, and the following is interesting to you, then I’ll be pleased.
During the mid 1800’s, the early years of baseball, players carved, or had others carve, their bats from various wood species. Bats took on various shapes; flat, oval, long, short with each being unique to its owner and protector. The protector part was important, because a broken cudgel meant extensive time with ax and knife preparing for the next game. To bring uniformity to the game during the years leading up to 1869, rules as to size of the bat were developed. They could be no longer than 43 inches and no wider in diameter than 2.50 inches but could be as heavy as desired and nature would produce a wood from which to carve.
Bat production changed forever in 1884 when Louisville Eclipse’s star player Pete Browning broke his prized bat in the middle of an important game. In the crowd on that fateful day was John Hillerich….if you are a baseball aficionado you probably just said Ahha, in recognition of the name. After the game John took Browning back to his father’s woodworking shop and literally “turned out”… on his lathe…a new, perfectly formed smooth bat for the thrilled player. A legendary bat company was birthed on that day. Frank Bradsby , a junior executive in the company was later made a partner and the manufacturer of the Louisville Slugger , Hillerich and Bradsby went on to become the premier bat company of all time.
Changes have taken place over the years, some quite significant. In 1893 the maximum diameter was increased to 2.75 inches. Other bat companies sprang up over the years; Spalding and its Mushroom Bat in 1897, Wright & Ditson, Athens Georgia’s Hanna Bat Company with its Batrite in 1911, Rawlings and later Adirondack, maker of Bobby Thompson’s bat with which he hit “The Shot Heard Round the World” on October 1, 1951 to defeat the Dodgers in the NL playoff.
In the 1950’s “bottle bats” with large grips used by Nellie Fox, Richie Ashburn, Ted Kluzewski and the great Jackie Robinson were quite common. They eventually gave way to the thinner and more whippy handles used by Yankee greats Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris. Wooden bats have remained much the same for the last 50 years.
Over the last half decade there have been three notable exception to the somewhat standard ash wooden bat. Adirondack attempted, unsuccessfully, to market a laminated bat some fifty years ago. Minnie Minoso, one of only two players to play in the Major Leagues in five decades, had a bat made of banana wood. Baseball lore contends that if broken his bat would “heal” overnight when he soaked it in water. In recent days maple has been used instead of ash by some non-traditional makers. Maple bats are now undergoing a high degree iof scrutiny because of the danger the present to as they frequently shatter and fly indiscriminately toward players, umps and fans alike.
The most notable and lasting change occurred in 1970 when the metal bat was introduced, first to softball and later to youth, high school and college programs and also to some levels of the professional game. The “crack of the bat” was being challenged by the “clank of the bat”….UGGHHH!
The two main differences between comparable wood and aluminum bats are weight and breakage…and breakage means money. Cost is the only thing that keeps them around today because they do bring an added level of danger to the game. The lighter weight makes bat speed greater and that’s what causes balls to be hit harder, faster and further, thus increasing the chance of defensive players being injured by a batted ball.
Bat breakage, however, provided me a great learning experience during my youth. Bats were hard to come by, therefore, we treasured and protected them. If you owned one you were truly “the man”. You were included in any game because you had the stick. We were taught early to “keep the trade mark up” when we hit. This caused the ball to be hit on the grain’s edge because the trade mark was placed flat to the grain by the manufacturer. We always watched a hitter to make sure he gripped the bat properly so as to protect it from breakage. They would, however, invariably break and leave us with a dilemma….find another, quit the game or fix the crack.
My Father learned from his youthful days spent in poverty during the Great Depression, to fix most anything with very few tools and even fewer repair materials. He taught me to pry the crack open, put some wood glue in it, place 1-3 screws in key locations to draw the crack closed with a screw driver….batteries not included…or required, tape it tight with electrical tape and let it cure. Was the bat perfect…NO. Would kids today go through that time consuming process…NO again. Consequently today’s youth miss a great deal because of their access to an expanse of equipment born of affluence and lack of ingenuity fostered by the same. Before you paint me with the “it was better in the good old days” brush consider a few things. Today do you ever see bats, gloves and baseballs left lying around or in the yard to get rained on? Probably…but not so at my childhood home! Dad didn’t have to tell us to protect our much used equipment either….we knew its value. A ball stolen by a stray dog, or soaked by rain or a warped bat postponed or called off the game. This was not good! Have you ever taught your son to sew up a baseball, fix a cracked bat or sew the strap on a mask? I bet not and……. I rest my case.
Hopefully the circuitous route I just traveled did not diminish the true intent of the story. What I learned from a broken bat and my Dad sticks with me even today. I still live by Dad’s adage of, “fix it up, wear it out, use it up or do with out.” Thanks again Dad.